Taste masking is an important factor in the development of oral dosage forms containing bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients. Several oral pharmaceuticals and bulking agents have. Taste masking of clarithromycin using complexation with. Taste masking of paracetamol encapsulated in chitosancoated. In inclusion complex formation, the drug molecule fits into the cavity of a complexing agent i. Taste suppressants and potentiators the recent trend of use of bitter taste blockers such as hydroxyflavanones, adenosine monophosphate and gammaaminobutanoic acid were found to be effective to achieve the taste masking of bitter drugs. Bitter taste is thought to have evolved as a deterrent against ingesting toxic substances, 4 which may explain why many drugs taste bitter. Microencapsulation of potent bitter azithromycin is insufficient to provide taste masking of liquid oral suspensions. The purpose of this study was to enhance the taste masking and solubilizing properties of. Many drugs and desirable phytochemicals are bitter, and bitter tastes are aversive. Pdf taste masking techniques for bitter drugsan overview. Also sport drinks can taste bitter with their high load in minerals. Introduction unacceptable taste is an important problem encountered in the designing of orodispersible dosage forms which disintegrate or dissolve in the patients oral cavity and drug has direct contact with the taste buds. Most drugs work by interfering with physiological processes within cells, so medicines have the potential to be toxic when ingested in sufficient quantity.
Several oral pharmaceuticals and bulking agents have disagreeable and bitter tasting components. To mask the bitter taste of the widely used antiallegic drug, promethazine hydrochloridepmz hcl, and to formulate it into patientcompliant and convenient fast disintegrating tablets. Formulating orodispersible, melt in mouth, buccal tablet and other formulations which comes in contact with taste buds taste is one of critical factor to be consider. And last but not least, rebaudioside a 200300x sugar sweetness and erythritol 0. Conventional taste masking techniques alone are often inadequate in masking the taste of highly bitter drugs such as quinine, celecoxib. Bitter taste of drugs has posed a constant problem in the treatment of patients due to their inability or unwillingness to swallow such formulation especially in children and elderly. Many of the reports currently in the literature regarding taste masking refer to the substances and processes which hannah maylee wong has previously investigated see efi archives for hw report. In the past, bitterness reduction was focused on pharmaceuticals and drugs. Flavoring agents for taste masking basic taste masking agents. Narasimha murthy 2 3 0 institute for drug delivery and biomedical research, bangalore. Microencapsulation is a process of applying relatively thin coating to the bitter herbdrug particles the two main technologies available for microencapsulation.
The drug was mixed with molten steryl alcohol at 70 c and eudragit 100. The polymer was mixed with the drug in differentiations i. This step can be exploited as a mean for taste masking of slightly bitter tasting drug. Microencapsulation is a process of applying relatively thin coating to the bitter herbdrug particles the two main technologies available for microencapsulation are spraydrying of emulsions and coacervation. Masking the bitter taste of drugs is a potential tool for the. Taste masking system based on decades of experience in the highly competitive food industry, where taste is the key market success factor. Obtained data have shown that microparticles with a drugpolymer ratio 0.
New ways for beverage formulators to reduce bitterness and. The technology is based on a growing understanding of bitter taste receptors on the tongue, which when activated by certain stimuli send messages to the brain telling us were eating. Masking bitter taste through encapsulation can be an important solution for bitter herbsdrugs. Narasimha murthy 2 3 0 institute for drug delivery and. Bitter taste, taste buds, taste masking techniques. Pharmaceutical excipients for taste masking market. Taste masking, bitter drugs, methods introduction t here are numerous pharmaceuticals that contain actives, which are bitter in taste. In earlier days it was believed that the drugs having bitter taste are more efficient as well as more curable. Prodrugs for masking the bitter taste of drugs intechopen. It opens the doors for new inv entions and patents. Jan 20, 2014 taste suppressants and potentiators the recent trend of use of bitter taste blockers such as hydroxyflavanones, adenosine monophosphate and gammaaminobutanoic acid were found to be effective to achieve the taste masking of bitter drugs. Combating bitter taste in food, pharmaceuticals, and beverages remains a huge challenge. Utility of mannitol and citric acid for enhancing the. These can be mixed with bitter drugs so as to improve the taste of the core material.
With respect to otc preparations, such as cough and cold syrups, the bitterness of the preparation leads to lack of patient compliance. These commonly used in combination with other taste masking technologies. Taste is an important and critical parameter in administering formulations which come in contact with the taste buds. Taste masking of griseofulvin and caffeine anhydrous using. The complexing agent is capable of masking the bitter taste. Some bitter drugs whose taste has been masked by using ion exchange resin are listed in the table no. Overall, these results indicate that 60% of top predicted to be bitter drugs were mentioned to have bitter taste, while only 20% of predicted to be nonbitter had potential mention of.
The mechanisms of tastemasking techniques often rely on two major approaches the first is to add excipients like sweeteners, flavors, and effervescent agents to mask the unpleasant taste, and the second is to avoid the contact of bitter and unpleasant drugs with taste buds. Taste masking becomes a prerequisite for bitter drugs to improve the patient compliance especially in the pediatric and geriatric population. Taste masking methods in pharmaceutical formulations. Development of fast dissolved tablets fdts in which taste is masked, and drug dissolution is improved, is a major challenge especially in case of extremely bitter drug with poor water solubility such as aceclofenac. Clinical trial data have shown the uwa midazolam chewable tablet to be very effective at masking the bitter drug taste, and the familiarity of chocolate makes it more. Thus masking of unpleasant taste characteristics of drug is. Bitter compounds, taste masking, sweeteners, taste suppressant, coating techniques, polymers. Paracetamol, the first line for paediatricians to treat pain and fever, is known for its bitter taste. Taste masking of promethazine hydrochloride was achieved by microencapsulation using amino alkyl methacrylate copolymers eudragit e100.
Masking the bitter taste of drugs is a potential tool for the improvement of patient compliance which in turn decides the commercial success of the product. Taste masking approaches for medicines bentham science. Masking bitter taste through encapsulation can be an important solution for bitter herbs drugs. Granulation lowers the effective surface area of the bitter. Taste is an important parameter in case of drugs administering orally. Proper selection of coating material will mask taste of bitter drug completely without affecting drug release profile. Coating is more efficient technology for aggressively bitter drugs even though coating imperfections, if present, reduce the efficiency of the technique in ion exchange resin ier method weak cation exchange or weak anion exchange resins are used for taste masking, depending on the nature of drug. Repka 2 abhishek juluri 2 3 carmen popescu 1 2 leon zhou 1 2 reena n. Aaps pharmscitech taste masking of griseofulvin and caffeine anhydrous using kleptose linecaps de17 by hot melt extrusion michael a.
This quote, taken from the lyrics of the famous musical mary poppins, is the simplest way to explain the phenomenon of tastemasking. The mechanisms of taste masking techniques often rely on two major approaches the first is to add excipients like sweeteners, flavors, and effervescent agents to mask the unpleasant taste, and the second is to avoid the contact of bitter and unpleasant drugs with taste buds. Although there are several methods reported for the taste masking of clarithromycin but complexation with ion exchane resin technique was chosen for the present work as the bitter tasting drugs can be easily attached to the oppositely charged resin substrate, forming insoluble. Ijppr is committed to upgrade the depth of subjects across various disciplines of pharmaceutical education with the ultimate aim of expending and spreading. Taste masking effect was also confirmed by the in vivo model and the in vitro release profile of cet. However, there were a few new substances which i was able to. Formulation and biopharmaceutical evaluation of bitter taste. An in vitro taste masking method was used to evaluate the taste masking efficacy of the wet and dry uncoated paracetamol alginate beads prepared at different electrical voltages 2, 4, 6 kv and the wet and dry chitosancoated paracetamol alginate beads using various types and concentrations of chitosan. Taste masking techniques for bitter drugsan overview article pdf available in international journal of pharmacy and technology 42. Taste masking is required for bitter drugs to enhance patient compliance, especially among the paediatric population. Thus, modification of azi solubility is more suitable to prepare tablets 7 9 10. Taste masking of liquid formulation present a major challenge because the majority of pediatric preparations are syrups and suspensions. Currently numerous techniques are being applied to overcome this problem. Polymers were completely used as coating substances, both single or in combination, as a single or multilayer coating, within the taste masking of bitter capsules.
The bitter taste of an active pharmaceutical ingredient may cause poor palatability 1 and consequently reduce drug efficacy through noncompliance, especially in pediatric patients. In this example, the sugar is used to mask the bitter offtaste of a medicine, making it easier for the children to drink it. Sweeteners are classified into natural and synthetic. As many active pharmaceutical ingredients exhibit bitterness, taste masking is an important step in formulation development. Offtaste is a common and costly problem for the food industry. Pellets were prepared by extrusionspheronization with eudragit epo, kyron t4, kyron t314, mannitol, sorbitol, mcc avicel ph101, sucralose. Undesirable taste is an important problem for patient compliance. These foods and beverages possess inherent offtastes due to fortification. Review article role of taste and taste masking of bitter drugs in pharmaceutical industries an overview vijay sharma1, himanshu chopra2 faculty of pharmacy, p.
Sensient flavors unveils novel bitter masking technology. Coating imperfections, reduce the efficiency of the technique. Senopsys regularly measures differences in the sensory attributes taste, aroma, mouthfeel and texture of drug products and placebos to improve palatability of drug products and develop matching placebos. Several oral pharmaceuticals and bulking agents have disagreeable and bittertasting components. Bitter wild cherry, walnut, chocolate, mint, anise. Due to the bitter taste of the drug there is a constant problem in the. Sep 24, 2014 development of fast dissolved tablets fdts in which taste is masked, and drug dissolution is improved, is a major challenge especially in case of extremely bitter drug with poor water solubility such as aceclofenac.
However, the taste masking coating of drug or dosage forms may break during compression to prepare dispersible tablets dts. The bitter taste of drugs, food components, and any other substances which get in the mouth as dissolved in an aqueous solution, or in the saliva, can be strongly reduced or fully eliminated, if the bitter component forms an inclusion complex with an appropriate cyclodextrin cd. Elimination of bitter, disgusting tastes of drugs and. Formulation and biopharmaceutical evaluation of bitter. International journal of pharma professionals research. In an optimal situation, the consumer cannot feel through the bad taste of the api in the final formulation matrix, meaning the active and placebo formulations taste identical and have the same position on the pca map. Assessment of taste masking by the electronic tongue has revealed that designed formulations created an effective taste masking barrier. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of orally disintegrating pellets odps as an approach for taste masking of bitter drugs, namely, ambroxol hydrochloride ahcl and cetirizine dihydrochloride cdhcl. Many drugs have bitter taste, thus this is one of the important formulation problem encountered. International journal of research pharmaceutical and nano.
Coating of drugs using a suitable polymer by coating one avoid the contact of bitter drug by preventing release of bitter drug in oral cavity. The problem of bitter taste of drug in pediatric formulations is a challenge to the formulators in the present scenario. Recent patents and patented technology platforms for. The minicolumn method is one of the drug release methods to. The most significant challenges that facing developers when pursuing masking bitter taste drugs approaches are. Generally, the well known taste masking methods that can be applied to bitter or. New ways for beverage formulators to reduce bitterness. The validity of clinical trials may be questioned if subjects perceive differences between the active and placebo formulations. Steryl alcohol and eudragit 100 were used for taste masking of bitter macrolide antibiotic. Taste masking of bitter drugs has been challenge to scientists.
Clinical trial data have shown the uwa midazolam chewable tablet to be very effective at masking the bitter drug taste, and the familiarity of chocolate makes it more readily acceptable to the paediatric patients. The shorter the distance is between a pair of inactive and active formulations, the less of a bitter taste. Bitter drugs, hot melt extrusion, nanohybrid system, patient compliance, platform technologies, taste masking. Since then, the knowledge of taste, especially bitter taste detection, and transduction on a cellular level, has heavily evolved, and as a result, several new approaches for detecting and devel. Salt butterscotch, maple, apricot, peach, vanilla, wintergreen mint. In pharmaceutical applications, a wide variety of techniques is available for tastemasking of bitter drugs. The liquid composition utilizes a reverse enteric coating, which is soluble in acid ph of the stomach generally.
The dried granules were mixed with sugar and hpc to give taste masked dry syrup 34. Taste masking of paracetamol encapsulated in chitosan. Basis of choosing a flavor complementary to existing flavor of the drug known popularity of particular flavors age of patients allergy. Taste masking of bitter drugs by priyanka birari authorstream. According to the year 2003 survey of pediatricians by the american association of pediatrics, unpleasant taste was the.